Nur-Sultan (official administrative capital) with about 1.291 million inhabitants; Almaty, the biggest city with about 1.987 million inhabitants, is the industrial and cultural center (2023).
Currency
Tenge (with an unstable rate).
Official Language
Kazakh and Russian (for international communication).
General Remarks
Kazakhstan used to be a part of the former Soviet Union. The Republic declared its independence on December 16, 1991. The State Patent Office of Kazakhstan was established on June 23, 1992.
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