Area
185,190 sq. km.
Population
23,865,423 (2024).
Capital
Damascus.
Currency
Syrian pound.
Language
Arabic.
Imports
(2021): U.S.$ 6.553 billion.
Exports
(2021): U.S.$ 2.224 billion.
Chief imports
Industrial and agricultural machinery, electrical machines and equipment, building and sanitary materials such as iron bars and sheets, timber, paper and cardboard, stationery goods, chemical products, drugs and medicines and quite a large number of consumer goods.
Chief exports
Crude oil, petroleum products, wheat and cotton, clothing, semi-finished products, processed food, pharmaceuticals.
Chief agricultural and industrial products
Agricultural products: sugar, olive oil, vegetable oils, cereals (wheat, barley, maize, Indian corn, lentils, chick-peas, broad beans, etc.), cotton, fruit and tobacco. Animal products: raw wool, hides and skins, butter, ghee. Industrial products: cement, glass, petrol and petroleum products, silk cocoons and acetate, cotton threads, woolen and cotton textiles, leather goods, yams, silk brocades, inlaid brass, carved wood products, canned fruit and vegetables.
Syria was part of the old Ottoman Empire until the end of World War 1. In the year 1920 it was proclaimed an independent Kingdom and was then placed under French mandate by the League of Nations until 1945 when Syria won its independence after several revolutions against the French. It then became an independent republic and joined the UNO.
Oil was discovered in the northeast, and exports began in 1968. Aleppo and Damascus are thriving commercial centers.
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